Other contributors included Stan O. Barber from the Baylor College of Medicine and Erik Fair of Apple Computer.
Usenet was originally designed based on the UUCP network, with most article transfers taking place over direct point-to-point telephone links between news servers, which were powerful time-sharing systems.
When clients connect to a news server with Transport Layer Security (TLS), TCP port 563 is often used.
At the same time, the IETF also released RFC 4642, which specifies the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) via NNTP over STARTTLS.
[citation needed] This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted in InterNetNews's (INN) nnrpd program.