It is located in the district of Neuburg-Schrobenhausen on the Danube River, approximately 20 km west-southwest of Ingolstadt.

Its primary user is Jagdgeschwader 74 (JG 74 for short, Fighter Wing 74 in English) of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe), which provides air defence for Southern Germany.

It was equipped with Dornier Do 23's, Focke-Wulf Fw 56's, and Junkers Ju 52's.

Close to the end of World War II, Neuburg also served as a base and construction facility for the jet-driven Me 262 fighter aircraft.

[3] On March 19, 1945, the Neuburg jet plant itself was bombed by B-24 Liberators of the USAAF 392d Bombardment Group.