On 1 January 1886, the 38.21-kilometre-long Neuchâtel–Le Locle-Col-des-Roches railway line was separated from the Jura-Bern-Luzern-Bahn (JBL) and integrated into the newly founded Jura neuchâtelois (JN), which was taken over by the canton of Neuchâtel.

The SBB electrified the line to Le Locle-Col des Roches at 15 kV 16⅔ Hz AC in 1931.

Most trains from La Chaux-de-Fonds terminate at Le Locle, where the narrow-gauge Transports publics Neuchâtelois connects to Les Brenets.

The few diesel railcars, which continue to France, run down a steep incline and cross a steel bridge to Locle-Col-des-Roches station.

The railway, which would have cost about CHF 1 billion, would have removed the difficult zig-zag in Chambrelien, shortened the line from 29.5 to 16.7 kilometres and reduced the travel time of 27 minutes in half.

[4] Since 13 December 2015, a RegioExpress and a Regio service have run every hour between Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds through the stations of Corcelles-Peseux, Chambrelien and Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane at exactly half-hour intervals.

[citation needed] As part of this timetable change service ended at Montmollin-Montezillon, while a rail shuttle operates between Neuchâtel and Corcelles-Peseux.