Neufchâteau (French pronunciation: [nøʃɑto] ⓘ or [nœfʃɑto] ⓘ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Other names from this period include Noviomagus and Neomagus, which had mutated to Novum Castrum by 1094 when Thierry, son of the Duke Gérard I constructed a castle here.

Duke Matthew II granted Neufchâteau a charter which included the right to appoint thirteen people to undertake the functions of a jury, and to elect a mayor.

The final decades of the neighbouring Duchy of Burgundy had been a particularly troubled period for Lorraine, and as a principal administrative centre, Neufchâteau had been badly hit by the fighting, being invaded and occupied by a Burgundian garrison in 1436 and again in 1476.

During the final decades of the nineteenth century and the early ones of the twentieth, Neufchâteau was home to an equestrian Republican Guard (France) brigade.

[citation needed] On 19 June 1940 around 100 French soldiers, most of them members of the Twelfth Regiment of Senegalese Fusiliers were shot by German troops in a barn near to Neufchâteau.