Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules – nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins – that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons.
In the mature nervous system, they promote neuronal survival, induce synaptic plasticity, and modulate the formation of long-term memories.
[4] Currently, neurotrophic factors are being intensely studied for use in bioartificial nerve conduits because they are necessary in vivo for directing axon growth and regeneration.
In studies, neurotrophic factors are normally used in conjunction with other techniques such as biological and physical cues created by the addition of cells and specific topographies.
In some cases, such as neural drug delivery systems, they are loosely immobilized such that they can be selectively released at specified times and in specified amounts.
[9][10] Nerve growth factor (NGF) uses the high-affinity receptor TrkA[11][8] to promote myelination[11] and the differentiation of neurons.
Even though it is clear that exogenous administration of NGF helps decrease tissue inflammation, the molecular mechanisms are still unknown.
These results suggest exogenous CNTF could be used as a therapeutic treatment for human degenerative motor neuron diseases.
[5] Specifically, studies have shown GDNF plays a protective role against MPTP toxins for DA neurons.