During the American Revolutionary War, New Hampshire raised multiple units of militia in support of the Patriot cause.

Later, during the American Civil War, New Hampshire raised multiple units in support of the Union campaign.

[2] The New Hampshire State Guard was created in 1917, and by January 1919 consisted of one infantry regiment with a strength of 57 officers and 938 enlisted men.

[3] In 1940, the entire National Guard of the United States was federalized in anticipation of American entry into World War II.

However, in 1942 the rifles were recollected by the War Department for use elsewhere and shotguns were issued to the State Guard as replacements.