In 1816, local Quakers sold the lot where their meetinghouse was to the state of New Hampshire,[1][2][3] and the building was built between 1816 and 1819 by architect Stuart Park.
The following eight statues or memorials are on the grounds, installed at various times from 1886 to 2024:[4][5] The main entrance opens into the Hall of Flags.
The mural to the left depicts the first commencement at Dartmouth College; the next, Daniel Webster reading the United States Constitution; after that, Abbott Thayer teaching his art class; and the last, John Stark preparing for battle in the Revolution.
On the rostrum hang portraits of John P. Hale, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Franklin Pierce, and Daniel Webster.
Granite used to build the capitol came from the present-day Swenson quarries; the cutting, shaping and facing of the stone was performed by inmates of the state prison.
During Meldrim Thomson Jr.'s governorship (1973–1979) the lights that shone on the State House's golden dome at night were turned off to save energy.
With the help of several New Hampshire legislators, the lights were activated again in the first days of Hugh Gallen's first term as governor.
In 2016 the gold dome was regilded with 24 karat leafing, a process that has occurred several times over the history of the building.