New Salem is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cowley County, Kansas, United States.

[2] A post office was opened in New Salem in 1872, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1972.

[3] The 2020 United States census counted 58 people, 25 households, and 21 families in New Salem.

16.0% of households consisted of individuals and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[5] The community is served by Winfield USD 465 public school district.