[3] District 31 covers the farthest southeastern neighborhoods of Queens as well as the eastern section of the Rockaways, including the neighborhoods of Far Rockaway, Laurelton, Rosedale, Arverne, Edgemere, and parts of Springfield Gardens.

[6] In 2019, voters in New York City approved Ballot Question 1, which implemented ranked-choice voting in all local elections.

If one candidate surpasses 50 percent in first-choice votes, then ranked-choice tabulations will not occur.

Like most municipal special elections in New York City, the race was officially nonpartisan, with all candidates running on ballot lines of their own creation.

Like most municipal special elections in New York City, the race was officially nonpartisan, with all candidates running on ballot lines of their own creation.