The Anglo-Saxons established a permanent settlement, the Normans built a motte-and-bailey fortification for defence, and in medieval times it became a major port with links around Great Britain and Ireland.

One account claimed that he set sail with 400 ships and 5,000 men, which suggests its importance as a port.

Its role as a port and trading hub declined, however, rapidly with the 1827 opening of the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal.

The diplomat and scientist Sir Kenelm Digby set up a glassworks at Newnham in about 1630, and was able to make strong glass bottles, for which he secured a patent.

This allowed the storage of wines which continued to ferment in the bottle, and enabled drinks such as champagne to be stored and transported.