Located in the southeastern part of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Pleasants County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the southeast.

No municipalities are located in Newport Township, although the unincorporated community of Newport lies on the township's eastern shoreline.

[4] In 1833, Newport Township contained a meeting house, several brick school houses, two dry goods stores, and a flour mill.

[5] The Hildreth Covered Bridge in Newport Township is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.