In December 1858 the French explorer Paul Du Chaillu navigated the Nguoiné river upstream to Fougamou.

The geography varies from large expanses of savannah and forest[3] to the Monts de Cristal in the north to the Chaillu and Ikoundou ranges further south.

Ethnic group and number of inhabitants Traditional social and religious organizations are still very present in the daily life of the province, especially Bwiti and Ndjembé [fr] (female secret society).

Thus the sirens Ipeti and Mougoumi, female genies living in Dola and Ngounié respectively, would according to legend be the protectors of Ndendé and Mouila.

They inspire fear and respect in the inhabitants, who honor them by throwing coins and pouring liquor into the rivers they cross.