Nguyễn Thị Oanh is a Vietnamese athlete specialising in middle and long-distance events.

At the Southeast Asian level, Nguyễn's first medal was a silver in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2013 SEA Games in Myanmar.

[3] The following year, she won gold in the same event at the Asian Junior Athletics Championships, but due to illness, she had to take a break from running before resuming at the 2017 SEA Games in Kuala Lumpur.

[3] At the 2021 SEA Games in Hanoi, she defended all three titles,[4] and did so again at the 2023 SEA Games in Phnom Penh, while also adding a gold in the 10,000 metres.

[8] In the 2023 World Athletics Championships, she was ranked 13th in the 1500 metres.