Nguyễn Thị Anh (chữ Hán: 阮氏英, 1422 – 1459) was a concubine, and later empress dowager of Lê dynasty as the mother of the emperor Le Nhan Tong.
In reality, the real power behind the throne was Trinh Kha, a close friend and senior advisor to Lê Lợi.
This was unusual and seems to have made little real difference, the empress dowager ruled while the other noble families acted as a brake on her power.
The official court history written some 30 years later said it was a time of calamity for Vietnam and that for a woman to rule was as unnatural as "a hen crowing at daybreak".
The next day, Nguyễn Thị Anh, facing certain death at the hands of Nghi Dân's men, allowed herself to be killed by a loyal servant.