Nicholas I Drugeth

Miklós, Slovak: Mikuláš I. Druget Horiansky; 1300s – May or June 1355) was a Neapolitan-born Hungarian baron and military leader in the first half of the 14th century.

As a member of the prestigious Drugeth family, he arrived in the Kingdom of Hungary along with his father and brothers upon the invitation of King Charles I at the turn of 1327 and 1328.

Nicholas and his younger brother John II were able to retain landholdings only in the mostly uninhabited, northeasternmost part of the kingdom, in Ung and Zemplén counties.

Although in these times the people of Hungary enjoyed the loved tranquility of peace and the kingdom was on all sides secure against its enemies, yet the hater of peace and the sower of envy, the devil, put into the heart of a certain soldier named Felicianus, of the line of Zaah, who was already advanced in years and his hair silvered, that he would in one day kill with his sword his lord King Charles and Queen Elizabeth, and the King's two sons Lays and Andreas.

He drew his sharp sword from its scabbard and like a mad dog threw himself upon the King, the Queen and the sons in pitiless desire to kill them.

But, alas, from the right hand of the most saintly Queen he severed four fingers which in her almsgiving she was wont to extend in pity to the poor, the wretched and the downcast.

Then Johannes, son of Alexander from the county of Potok [John Cselenfi], a youth of good disposition who was the Queen's second cup-bearer, threw himself upon Felicianus as upon a wild beast and struck at him with a dagger [bicellus] between the neck and the shoulder with such force that he felled him to the ground.

The Drugeth family belonged to those Neapolitan elite of Ultramontane (French or Provençal) origin, who arrived to Apulia (Southern Italy) with Charles I of Anjou in 1266.

[4] Nicholas was certainly adult by 1324, when paid the papal tithes on behalf of the Saint Mary family chapel with the rank of a parish church, which located in the Drugeths' feudal estate in Pascarola.

Serbian historian Đura Hardi emphasizes, the service of engaging one of the Drugeths as tutor of their children by the Capetian House of Anjou looked back on a six-decade tradition.

[8] Accordingly, Nicholas would have inherited eight castles – Szalánc (Slanec), Parics (near Trebišov), Barkó (Brekov), Jeszenő (Jasenov), Palocsa (Plaveč), Lubló (Stará Ľubovňa), Szokoly (Sokoľ) and Nedec or Dunajec (Niedzica) – with their benefits and accessories.

William also entrusted his personal servitor Walter to Nicholas that he may be accorded the same treatment as he enjoyed, and if he were to leave his service, he would be dismissed with a worthy payment.

Although Louis had attained the age of majority, his mother Queen Elizabeth and her confidants – primarily, Thomas Szécsényi – exerted a powerful influence on him, which resulted the immediate political marginalization of William Drugeth.

Under the influence of Queen Elizabeth and Thomas Szécsényi – the "Polish party" –, Louis rejected William's last will and testament from 1330, and his younger brother Nicholas was not recognized as his heir.

On 7 January 1343, a court hearing was held, where Nicholas and his younger brother John II submitted a charter in order to prove their right to William's heritage.

[16] Nicholas and John became the possessors of the Homonna lordship in Zemplén County, which consisted of 22 villages: Peticse (Ptičie), Kemence (Kamenica nad Cirochou), Szinna (Snina), Tavarna (Tovarné), Sztakcsin (Stakčínska Roztoka), Zubna (Zubné), Papfalva (Papín), Jankóc (Jankovce), Hankóc (Hankovce), Lácfalva (Lackovce), Hazsina (Hažín nad Cirochou), Homonna (Humenné), Porubka (Krajná Porúbka), Göröginye (Ohradzany), Kajna (Slovenská Kajňa), Lukasóc (Lukačovce), Holcsikóc (Holčíkovce), Pihnye (Pichne) Vadna, Tankafalva, Plempnafalva and Kepla (the last four villages are unidentified).

They also owned Salamon (Solomonovo, Ukraine), Záhony and the village of Zemplén (today Zemplín, Slovakia) with its fair in the southeast part of the county.

Đura Hardi emphasizes Maria had no legal right to inherit the feudal estate, in comparison to her late husband's brothers, who did not receive an invitation to accompany Elizabeth on her journey to Naples.

It is also conceivable that he had previously arrived to Southern Italy as a member of Stephen Lackfi's mercenaries, , as his name becomes rare in domestic sources after 1347 and does not appear at all in contemporary documents as an active actor.

[21] Đura Hardi considers Nicholas took advantage of his personal military presence, and visited the feudal estate of Pascarola in order to "persuade" the vassals and subjects there to be faithful again.

[24] The royal castle of Óvár in Trencsén County (today Starhrad near Nezbudská Lúčka) belonged to his honor ("office fief").

The assassination attempt of Felician Záh on the royal family in 1330, painted by Soma Orlai Petrich
Louis I as depicted in the Chronica Hungarorum
The castle of Starhrad (Óvár), near Nezbudská Lúčka , belonged to Nicholas Drugeth's income, when holding the dignity Judge royal from 1354 to 1355