Nicholas Longworth Anderson (April 22, 1838 – September 18, 1892) was a United States Army officer who served in the American Civil War as Colonel of the 6th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

On December 18, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Anderson to receive a brevet (honorary promotion) to the rank of brigadier general of Volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865, for "gallant conduct and meritorious services in the battle of Stone's River, December 31, 1862" and the U.S. Senate confirmed the brevet on February 14, 1868.

In 1890 he was elected to membership in the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati by right of being the grandson of Lieutenant Colonel Richard Clough Anderson, a Virginia native who served in the American Revolution.

Anderson died in Lucerne, Switzerland at age fifty-four on September 18, 1892, and is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.

In 1897, Larz married Isabel Weld Perkins who later edited and published The Letters and Journals of General Nicholas Longworth Anderson: Harvard, Civil War, Washington, 1854–1892.

After her husband's death in 1919, Elsie established The Philip Hamilton McMillan Memorial Publication Fund at Yale University through a bequest of $100,000.