Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (3 October 1837 – 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880.

Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth.

Mitre was held prisoner and judged by military justice, but Avellaneda indulged him in order to promote pacification.

Having won the revolution and bringing peace to the country, Avellaneda faced a serious economic crisis, centering his efforts on the control of the land with the Conquest of the Desert and expanding the railroads, the cereal and meat exports, and the European immigration, specially to Patagonia.

Deciding to take Argentina from its debts, he said that "[...]there are two million Argentines who would economize even to their hunger and thirst to fulfill the promises of our public commitments in the foreign markets".

The crisis was eventually fixed with the growing exports of refrigerated meat to Europe, a new developing industrial method of the time.