On 13 October 1900 Lokhoff was sentenced to expulsion to the Astrakhan Governorate under police supervision for four years, but fled abroad.

From 1899 to 1905 he was a member of the RSDLP, adjoined the wing of the Economists, and headed the foreign editorial office of the newspaper Rabochaya Mysl, which argued with Lenin's Iskra.

The main goal of life was the creation for Russia of a gallery of copies of frescoes and paintings by masters of the Italian Renaissance.

The idea was supported by the director of the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts named after Alexander III, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (the father of Marina Tsvetaeva).

He himself made the primer and paint according to old recipes, repeated the texture of the works, the nature of the stroke, the sequence of the layer and glazes, the personal techniques of the old masters.

In the early 1920s Lokhoff established a relationship with the staff of the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University.

Other American institutions that acquired works of Lokhoff included the Portland Art Museum in Oregon (portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Urbino by Piero della Francesca, from the Uffizi); St. Mark's School in Southborough[11] (Triptych by Giovanni Bellini, from the Venetian dei Frari church); St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire (Madonna and Two Saints by Pietro Lorenzetti, from the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi), and others.

[13] The heirs of the artist through the embassy in Rome offered the USSR to purchase a collection of copies, but the Soviets refused.

[14][15] On 21 December 2017 a memorial plaque in his honor was erected on the building of the Pskov gymnasium, where the artist had studied.