Clement VI appointed Nicolaus bishop of Naumburg on 7 January 1349, as one of the opponents to Johann of Miltitz.
During his term of office, he planned to found a commercial centre called "Carola" together with his half-brother, the future emperor Charles IV.
The very year of his establishment, he had to face an attack by Henry III, Count of Gorizia, who destroyed Cassacco, and by Albert II of Austria, who occupied Carnia, Venzone, Udine, Gemona and besieged Cividale.
Like the former, Nicolaus took part in an alliance against the Republic of Venice with the counts of Gorizia, Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua, his half brother Charles IV, Louis I of Hungary and the dukes of Austria.
The siege of Treviso (July–September 1356) was a failure, but Venice suffered a severe defeat at Nervesa (13 January 1358), being forced to cede Dalmatia and Croatia to Hungary.