Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn AG (NEB) is a private regional railway company in Berlin and Brandenburg, eastern Germany and as well as bordering areas in Poland.

The company is owned by various shareholders:[1] NEB Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH, which operates trains, is a 100% subsidiary of Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn AG.

As part of the socialist reforms of East Germany, all private railways in the country were seized and nationalised into the Deutsche Reichsbahn.

[2] After German and Berlin reunification in 1990, the NEB company became active again, starting running goods trains in 1993.

To comply with EU regulations, the train operations have been delegated to a separate legal entity, subsidiary NEB Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, which was founded on 17 December 2004.

In December 2006, NEB also started running passenger trains on the RB26 route between Berlin and Kostrzyn in Poland, a tender it had won in 2005.

[6] The most recent direct award includes the reinstation of passenger service on the original NEB line, with an RB28 route running from Berlin-Wilhelmsruh to Basdorf once the infrastructure has been reconstructed.

[10][11] Since September 2023, NEB has operated a free and public shuttle train service on behalf of Tesla, Inc. from Erkner station to its plant at Fangschleuse.