The Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis (German for Lower Silesian district of Upper Lusatia) was the easternmost Kreis (district) of both Saxony and Germany.

The urban district Görlitz was in the east, at the border to Poland.

The territory of this district was not part of Saxony before World War II; rather, it was a part of German Silesia, along with the city of Görlitz.

When most of Silesia was assigned to Poland after the war, the tiny rump of the Silesian province was integrated into Saxony.

The main river in the district is the Neisse, which also forms the boundary to Poland.