[3] According to the 1921 census, the village with the adjacent colony and railway settlement had a population of 1,658, 98.4% Polish and 1.5% Jewish.

[4] Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied by Germany.

[5] Activities included intelligence, sabotage and an attack on a Baudienst camp in nearby Zemborzyce.

[6] In the village, the Soviets held a show trial of four members of the Polish resistance and sentenced them to death.

[6] Faced with many losses, they eventually decided to escape under false names through Czechoslovakia to the American-occupied zone of Germany.