In the 1970s he criticized severely Vladimir Lenin's involvement in pre-revolutionary robberies and this had powerful echo and undermined pro-Marxist intelligentsia in Yugoslavia that supported the government of Josip Broz Tito.
In his 1985 book Marxism and Jesuitism he severely criticized Lenin and Joseph Stalin, which prompted Soviet officials to unsuccessfully demand his removal from the University of Belgrade.
He continued his anti-communist involvement during the rule of Slobodan Milošević (1990–2000) and was eventually banned from entering the Faculty of Philology building in 1998 by a government-appointed dean.
Nikola Milošević's lectures at the Faculty of Philology were attended by the who is who of intellectual Belgrade and his polemics with Marxist authors attracted considerable attention.
In 1982, he declined to accept the highest communist award of the City of Belgrade for scholars and artists – the October Prize.