Vučević was born in Morges, Switzerland during the time his professional basketball player father, Boro, played for a club based in nearby Lausanne.

Boro Vučević ended up playing professionally for 24 years, a journeyman career with stops in Yugoslavia, Switzerland, and Belgium, the highlight of which was being on the KK Bosna roster that won the European Champions Cup in 1979 in addition to several Yugoslavia national team appearances, primarily at the 1983 Mediterranean Games in Casablanca, Morocco and EuroBasket 1985 in West Germany.

Vučević's Serb mother, Ljiljana Kubura, also played basketball professionally as a 6-foot-2 forward for the Sarajevo club Željezničar, as well as for the Yugoslavia women's national team.

[1] Vučević moved to Simi Valley, California in the United States in October 2007 to play his senior year of high school at Stoneridge Prep.

[14] On 10 August 2012, Vučević was traded to the Orlando Magic as a part of the blockbuster four-team deal that sent Dwight Howard to the Los Angeles Lakers.

[25] On 11 November 2015, Vučević didn't start for the Magic against the Los Angeles Lakers, returning to action after a three-game absence with a right knee contusion.

[28] On 7 February 2016, he scored 22 points and hit an 18-footer at the buzzer to lead the Magic over the Atlanta Hawks 96–94, winning for only the third time in 18 games in 2016.

[33] He came off the bench for a further three games before returning to the starting line-up on 8 April against the Miami Heat, where he scored a game-high 29 points in a 112–109 win.

[37] He regained his starting spot in mid-January, and as a result, he hit 13 of 18 shots, scored a season-high 30 points and grabbed 10 rebounds to lead the Magic to a 115–109 victory over the Portland Trail Blazers on 13 January.

[39] On 11 March 2017, in a 116–104 loss to Cleveland, Vučević had a team-high 20 points and 16 rebounds after missing the previous four games with a sore right Achilles.

[40] On 10 April 2017, he grabbed 10 rebounds against Chicago to move ahead of Shaquille O'Neal into second place in franchise history, trailing only Dwight Howard.

[42] On 9 December 2017, he recorded his first career triple-double with game highs of 31 points, 13 rebounds and 10 assists in a 117–110 loss to the Atlanta Hawks.

During his stretch of strong play, Vučević became the first Magic player to post at least 28 points and 10 rebounds in three consecutive games since Dwight Howard.

[58] In game one of the Magic's first-round playoff series against the Toronto Raptors, Vučević scored 11 points in a 104–101 upset victory.

He led the Magic in scoring and rebounding and sparked its 3–0 record during the week with victories over the Philadelphia 76ers, the San Antonio Spurs and the Wizards.

[63][65] Though largely credited to a balanced attack, Vučević has played a key role in the hot start by the Orlando Magic.

[66] On 5 February 2021, Vučević scored a career-high 43 points, grabbed a season-high 19 rebounds and dished out 4 assists in a 123–119 win over the Chicago Bulls.

He succeeded in two free throw shots with 2.6 seconds left to play, ending the Magic's fourth losing streak.

[67][68][69] In his efforts, Vučević joined Shaquille O'Neal and Dwight Howard as the third player in franchise history to log at least 43 points and 19 rebounds in a game.

[76][77] On 25 March 2021, the Orlando Magic traded Vučević along with Al-Farouq Aminu to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Wendell Carter Jr., Otto Porter Jr. and two future first-round picks.

[78] Vučević played and started in all 44 games and was averaging 24.5 points, 11.8 rebounds and 3.8 assists, while shooting 40.6% from three-point range and 82.7% from the free throw line with the Magic for the 2020–21 season.

[79][80] On 27 March, Vučević debuted for the Bulls in a 120–104 loss to the San Antonio Spurs, scoring a game-high 21 points, grabbing nine rebounds and dishing out four assists in 32 minutes of action.

[89][90] On 26 April, Vučević logged his third straight double-double and the fortieth of his career with 24 points and 11 rebounds in a 110–102 win over the Miami Heat.

[91][92][93] After missing two games due to a hip injury, Vučević returned to action on 6 May, recording his sixth consecutive double-double with 29 points and 14 rebounds, in addition to three assists, two steals and a block in a 120–99 victory over the Charlotte Hornets.

[99] After missing seven games, Vučević made his return on 24 November, posting a double-double with 14 points and 13 rebounds in a 118–113 loss to the Houston Rockets.

[101][102] On 27 December, Vučević scored 24 points, knocking down four 3-pointers to go along with 17 rebounds, six assists, and four blocks in a 130–118 victory against the Atlanta Hawks, becoming the first player in the league to ever post such stat line.

[108][109][110] On 14 February 2022, Vučević scored 25 points, grabbed 16 rebounds and dished out five assists in a 120–109 win against the San Antonio Spurs.

[111] On 20 April, during Game 2 of the first round of the playoffs, Vučević recorded a double-double of 24 points and 13 rebounds in a 114–110 win over the reigning champions Milwaukee Bucks.

[113] On 24 October 2022, Vučević scored 18 points, grabbed 23 rebounds and delivered five assists in a 120–102 win against the reigning Eastern Conference champions Boston Celtics.

[118] On January 15, Vučević tied his career high with 43 points, along with 13 rebounds, four assists and four steals in a 132–118 win over the reigning champions Golden State Warriors.