Nikolai Aleksandrovich Maximov (also spelled Maksimov, Russian: Николай Александрович Максимов; 21 March 1880 – 9 May 1952) was a Russian-Soviet plant physiologist.
He also found that drought resistance was not achieved by plants merely through reduction of transpiration but by other stress tolerance mechanisms.
He returned to obtain a master's degree on frost resistance in 1913 and then went to Tiflis botanical garden.
In 1933 he was arrested as a collaborator of Nikolai Vavilov under false charge of being a member of a revolutionary party.
He found that a number of traits were involved in the drought resistance of xerophytes and not merely reduced transpiration as was then thought.