Bogolyubov attended the studio school of the Ryazan town theater and joined its troupe in 1919.
In 1923–1926, he studied at the school of the Theater of the Russian Federation (RSFSR) named after its director, Vsevolod Meyerhold.
[1] Bogolyubov made his film debut in 1931 in Yakov Protazanov’s first sound picture Tommy (1931).
He also appeared in Boris Barnet’s Outskirts (1933) as the Bolshevik Nikolai who is executed for initiating fraternization with the German enemy at the end of World War I. Bogolyubov played the dogmatic Stalinist functionary, in Fridrikh Ermler’s Peasants (1935), where he was cast as Nikolai Mironovich, head of the Political Department, who gives his all to transform the “backward farmer’s psychology.” In 1937–1939, Ermler cast Bogolyubov with the role of Party leader Petr Shakhov in The Great Citizen, for which the actor received a Stalin Prize in 1941.
He worked with leading Soviet directors, including Sergei Gerasimov (Seven Brave Men, 1936), the Vasilyev brothers (The Defense of Tsaritsyn, 1942, Stalin Prize), and Mikheil Chiaureli (The Vow, 1944; The Fall of Berlin, 1949).