[2] The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), covering around 400 acres, and the Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) are located in Nilore, where key nuclear research takes place.

It was closed to the public in the 1970s by the Ministry of Defence, and starting in 1972, the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers acquired the entire city and immediately removed the local residents as they were paid heavy compensation.

Its relatively low population made acquisition affordable for the Ministry of Defence and the city was re-constructed by the Corps of Engineers.

[citation needed] Nilore hosted an apex scientific research in the 1960s led under Abdus Salam,[1] and the scientific research and development still plays a crucial role in the city's economy and culture in general.

Since the 1990s, the city has been opened for the public and classified facilities were immediately closed by the government and re-located at unknown locations.