Nilssonia is a genus of softshell turtles (family Trionychidae) from rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes in South Asia and Burma.

In many treatments, it is monotypic, with the single species Burmese peacock softshell (N. formosa).

However, the supposed other genus of peacock softshells, Aspideretes, is more closely related to N. formosa than had been believed.

They differ only in the neural plates between the first pleural scale pair of the bony carapace, which are fused into one in N. formosa and unfused in the others.

[5][2] The generic name, Nilssonia, is in honor of Swedish zoologist Sven Nilsson.