Nimruz or Nimroz (Balochi: نݔمرۏچ; Dari, Pashto: نیمروز) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southwestern part of the country.

The name Zaranj was derived from Persian word "Zranka" and is considered to be one of the oldest cities in Nimruz Province.

In the early 18th century, the region fell to the Afghan Hotaki dynasty until they were removed from power in 1738 by Nader Shah.

By 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of Afghanistan after he conquered the territory from northeastern Iran to Delhi in India.

However, the Taliban advanced on Nimruz only days later, and the mujahideen under command of Abdul Karim Brahui fled to Iran.

[citation needed] Following the US-led invasion in October 2001, the Taliban began losing control of the province to the new Afghan government under President Hamid Karzai.

The Delaram–Zaranj Highway was built by the Indian government in 2009, which is one of the main trade routes in the country and is expected to boost the socio-economic development in the province.

When the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) arrived at Kandahar, Nimruz province became part of the Regional Command Southwest.

On August 6, 2021, the Taliban overran Nimruz, when the Afghan government forces in the city of Zaranj, the 215th Corps, fled.

[10] The fleeing allowed the Taliban to take the city, including the government forces' "military bases and intelligence offices".

The takeover meant that Ashraf Ghani's government could no longer get revenue from the region's border crossings with Iran.

The province became popular after the trade route between Iran and Afghanistan became operational, which provides another large income to the Afghan government.

This estimate includes the many Kuchi nomads who inhabit the province seasonally and the native settled people.