Nirukta

[9] Nirukta (Sanskrit), states Monier-Williams, means "uttered, pronounced, explained, expressed, defined, loud".

[11] Don't memorize, seek the meaningWhat has been taken [from the teacher's mouth] but not understood,is uttered by mere [memory] recitation,it never flares up, like dry firewood without fire.Many a one, [although] seeing, do not see Speech,many a one, [although] hearing, do not hear Her, and many a one, She spreads out [Her] body, like a wife desiring her husband.The meaning of Speech, is its fruit and flower.— Yaska, Nirukta 1.18-1.20[12][13] A central premise of Yaska was that man creates more new words to conceptualize and describe action, that is nouns often have verbal roots.

[6] Words are created around object-agent, according to Yaska, to express external or internal reality perceived by man, and are one of six modifications of Kriya (action) and Bhava (dynamic being), namely being born, existing, changing, increasing, decreasing and perishing.

[16] The only basic Nirvacana shastra (Nirukta-related text) that has survived from ancient times into the modern era is the one by Yaska, and it is simply called Nirukta.

[8] Additionally, a related work that is extant and is more ancient than the 5th-century BCE Nirukta by Yaska, is the Nighantu which is a lexicographic treatise.

[16] The fourth way to interpret the Rigveda also emerged in the ancient times, wherein the gods mentioned were viewed as symbolism for legendary individuals or narratives.

[16] It was generally accepted that creative poets often embed and express double meanings, ellipses and novel ideas to inspire the reader.

But Bhaskararaya demonstrates his skill in nirukta by parsing it in an unexpected way as the Bahuvrīhi compound gaṇana + atha meaning "the one the enumeration (gaṇanaṁ) of whose qualities brings about auspiciousness.