Nomadic conflict

The conflicts usually arise from destruction of crops by livestock and is exacerbated during times when water and lands to graze are scarce.

[5] Displacement of local communities to make way for commercial farms or mining activities has put pressure on grazing areas, exacerbating conflict.

[5] Desertification in the Sahel, where much of the present-day conflicts between herders and farmers takes place, is expanding southward by about 1400 square miles a year.

[5] Malti Malik summarises relationships and inter-dependencies between sheep-herders and sedentary farmers in Mari, a city-state on the Euphrates (in present-day Syria) which flourished between 2900 and 1759 BCE.

[9] Ethnic conflict in Kivu has often involved the Congolese Tutsis known as Banyamulenge, a cattle herding group that largely migrated from Rwanda in the 19th century and are often derided as outsiders.

[17] Conflict between nomadic tribes in Sudan is common, with fights breaking out over scarce resources, including grazing land, cattle and drinking water.