[3] Collision resistance is an additional feature that can be useful against hash flooding attacks; simple NCHFs, like the cyclic redundancy check (CRC), have essentially no collision resistance[5] and thus cannot be used with an input open to manipulation by an attacker.
NCHFs are used in diverse systems: lexical analyzers, compilers, databases, communication networks, video games, DNS servers, filesystems—anywhere in computing where there is a need to find the information very quickly (preferably in the O(1) time, which will also achieve perfect scalability).
[6] Estébanez et al. list the "most important" NCHFs:[7] Non-cryptographic hash functions optimized for software frequently involve the multiplication operation.
Since in-hardware multiplication is resource-intensive and frequency-limiting, ASIC-friendlier designs had been proposed, including SipHash (which has an additional benefit of being able to use a secret key for message authentication), NSGAhash, and XORhash.
Although technically lightweight cryptography can be used for the same applications, the latency of its algorithms is usually too high due to a large number of rounds.