Originally, Nong Khai railway station opened at the location of the present-day Na Tha railway station as part of the Northeastern Line Udon Thani–Na Tha section on September 13, 1955.

The station by the river was renamed to "Talat Nong Khai" and closed down in 2008.

On March 5, 2009, the Northeastern Line extended to Thanaleng in Laos across the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge,[1] and international services between the present-day Nong Khai station and Thanaleng station began.

Freight transport by train between Nong Khai and Laos were increased to 24 round trips a day over the next five years, with each service consisting of 25 carriages, to handle growing cargo traffic from the rail link from standard gauge Boten–Vientiane railway, which opened in December 2021.

[2][3] As of 19 July 2024, 10 trains serve Nong Khai railway station.