The region is skirted to a distance by Kandivalasagedda, Vamshadhara and Bahuda at certain stretches of their courses white a line of heights of the great Eastern Ghats run from Northeast.

According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.

[5] It is generally defined as the eastern coastal region between the Mahanadi and the Godavari rivers, although its boundaries have fluctuated with the territory of its rulers.

Ashoka annexed the kingdom after the final battle near the Dhauli hills, the capital Sisupalgarh fell to the Mauryas.

After the war, Buddhism prospered in Kalinga and spread to other south eastern regions through maritime trade routes.

After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the region came under the control of the Mahameghavahana family, whose king Kharavela described himself as the "supreme Lord of Kalinga".

[citation needed] Evidently, a tributary kingdom called Nandapur ruled by the Suryavamsa dynasty from 13th century .

Mukunda Harichandan was appointed as the minister in order to seek full control over the region, however, he later assassinated the last two Bhoi heirs and declared himself as the new king of Utkala.

Nevertheless, Kalinga was still ruled by the Suryavansi kings until they were defeated and became a Vassal of the Golconda Qutb Shahi during the reign of Balarama Deva, who failed to control the vast dominion of his predecessor, Vishwanatha Gajapati.

[citation needed] In 1674, Vishwambhar Dev of Jeypore kingdom defeated the Faujdar of Chicacole (Srikakulam), appointed by the Qutb Shahi Sultans and claimed an independent semi-monarchy over the Circars.

However, the first two Faujdars appointed by the Mughals were defeated and slain in the battlefield by the Maharaja of Jeypore, Raghunath Krishna Dev, who continued to rule claiming independent control over the region until his death in 1708.

[14] The successor of Raghunath Krishna proved to be an inefficient ruler and as a result lost a vast territory of the Circars.

[citation needed] In 1724, Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan was appointed the governor of Hyderabad, with the title Nizam al Mulk.

In 1759, through the conquest of the fortress of Masulipatnam, the maritime provinces from the river Gundlakamma to the Chilka Lake were transferred from the French to the British.

[citation needed] In 1765 Lord Robert Clive obtained from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II a grant of the five Circars.

[18] In February 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of the Telangana state comprising ten districts.

[20] Number of petitions questioning the validity of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 is long pending for the verdict since April 2014 before the Supreme Court constitutional bench.

Simhachalam Temple, abode of Lord Narasimha Swamy is one of the richest and the most visited place of worship in the State.

[citation needed] The other being: There are many Buddhist sites like Thotlakonda, Bhavikonda, Shankaram, Pavurallakonda, Kotturu Dhanadibbalu, Gudiwada dibba, Bojjanakonda.