North Sumatra

[citation needed] Early peoples in North Sumatra consumed mostly snails and clams, leaving large shell deposits sometimes referred to as kjokkenmoddinger (kitchen waste), some of which are still found as hills in Saentis, Hinai, Tanjung Beringin, along the Deli-Langkat shore, and on riverbanks.

Their villages were scattered along the big rivers that flow to the east coast of North Sumatra such as Besitang, Wampu, Asahan, and Barumun.

Relics of the Mesolithic era have been found in North Sumatra, including finely honed stone axes, bone tools, and painting materials.

[9] Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that Austronesian speakers reached Sumatra from Taiwan and the Philippines through Borneo or Java about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers.

Barus, a trading port on the western coast of Tapanuli, attracted Middle Age era traders in search of camphor, which was popular in Ancient Egypt.

Furthermore, the Negarakertagama epic by Mpu Prapanca from the 14th century list countries found in North Sumatra, Pane, Haru, Mandailing, Tamiang, Lawas, and Barus, which were mainly defeated by the Majapahit.

Coastal areas of North Sumatra felt economic impacts as the VOC subsequently reduced the presence of trade in Malacca and shifted resources towards Batavia.

[18] In the nineteenth century, the Dutch began to focus more on to areas outside Java, including North Sumatra, driving out British influence.

During the Padri War, in the years prior to 1860, Dutch forces arrived in South Tapanuki at the request of a local leader to provide protection.

Meanwhile, particularly after 1869, Dutch tobacco plantation activities expanded on the east coast, including the estab;ishment of Deli Maatschappij and London Sumatra, using land leased from the Malay sultans.

This first big wave of migration established substantial Javanese, Chinese, and Indian populations in North Sumatra that remain to this day.

[24] To opportunistic pergerakan militants (including Communist Party of Indonesia members Xarim MS and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as a means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial rule and to join the larger Indonesian National Revolution.

[27] In addition to the Dutch, the NST state was supported by Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains, and Chinese groups who felt that the revolution threatened their interests.

[28] Following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in late 1949, the Dutch withdrew military support for the State of East Sumatra and its local authority began to collapse.

The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur entered into negotiations with Mohammad Hatta to reunify East Sumatra with the Republic of Indonesia in May 1950.

Other islands in North Sumatra include Imanna, Pasu, Bawa, Hamutaia, Batu Makelele, Masa, Bau, Simaleh, Makole, Jake, and Wunga [id].

[citation needed] Half of the province is located on a high plateau that runs along the Bukit Barisan mountains, from central North Sumatra to the western coast.

The tallest mountain in the province is Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, at elevation around 2,460 metres (8,070 ft), the most active volcano in the region.

Lake Toba is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, estimated at VEI 8, that formed a climate-changing event.

It was reported in January 2024 that a group of 140 Rohingya people, consisting mostly of women and children had landed in Indonesia and been directed by the military to the North Sumatra region.

The Batak Toba, Pakpak and Simalungun tribes have a musical instrument called Gondang which is usually played during traditional ceremonies in marriage, death, and so on.

The prominent Mandailing buildings are called Bagas Gadang (house of Namora Natoras) and Sopo Godang (customary consultation hall).

This includes Saksang and Babi panggang karo, and in the Pakpak Dairi area, Pelleng is a very spicy popular typical food.

With a large population of Batak being Muslim, especially among Mandailing people, they have their own dishes such as Sayur daun ubi tumbuk or mashed-cassava leaf soup, Pora-pora, Salai ikan, Pakkat and others.

The Chinese have influenced the province's cuisine, examples are Cha Sio,Tau Kua He Ci, Popia, Bakpao, Teng-Teng, Chai Pao, Roti Kacang and Bika ambon which are dishes also popular elsewhere in Indonesia.

Asahan hydropower, which is the largest hydroelectric power plant on Sumatra Island, is located at Porsea in Toba Samosir Regency.

North Sumatra produces rubber, cocoa, tea, palm oil, coffee, cloves, coconut, cinnamon, and tobacco.

The increasingly higher economic performance of Sumatra and Java means that North Sumatran exports will be experiencing rapid growth.

The list below is the most known places of interest in North Sumatra: The modern Kualanamu International Airport was opened on July 25, 2013, and is located almost 40 kilometres from Medan.

There are under discussion to build Medan inner ring-road toll road, including an elevated tollway above Deli River to accelerate city traffic.

Darodaro , big stones used as memorials by the Nias people , being hauled in Bawomataluo village in a thousand-year-old practice [ 7 ]
Situs Hopong in Dolok Sanggul , stone statue sites that are possible evidence of prehistoric Batak civilization
Coins founded in Situs Kota Cina , Labuhan Deli , presumably used for trading during the Yuan dynasty , 12th to 13th century CE
Bahal temple , also known as Portibi , is a Buddhist candi complex in Bahal village , North Sumatra. [ 13 ] The temple site is linked to the Pannai Kingdom c. 11th to 13th century CE .
Princes from the Sultanate of Deli, Langkat and Serdang in Sumatra
Portrait of Sisingamangaraja XII , painted by Augustin Sibarani, from the obverse of the 1,000 rupiah banknote (1987 series)
Simalungun headchiefs of East Sumatra residency, Dutch-East Indies
East Sumatra rally in Pematangsiantar , between 1945 and 1950
Lake Toba , world's largest volcanic lake
Satellite photo of North Sumatra and Nias Island with Lake Toba in the centre
Mount Sinabung emitting vog , as seen from the village of Kandibata, Karo Regency, 2017.
Mount Leuser National Park
North Sumatra governor main office, Medan
Omo Sebua , means "the big house". It refers to a traditional house from South Nias, in which formerly the king of Tano Niha lived, and is located in Bawomataluo
A photo of Bagas Godang in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal
Old Batak Toba Village, or known as Bolon House ( Rumah Bolon ) in Simanindo
Maimoon Palace , a historical palace in Medan. It was used as the residence for the Sultan of Deli for a long time and is still in active use to this day.
Siwaluh Jabu , Batak Karo traditional house, located in Karo Highlands
Simalungun Rumah Bolon in Pamatang Purba, Simalungun
Distribution of the Batak people and the Toba , Simalungun , Karo , Pakpak , Angkola and Mandailing sub-groups
Bataknese Gondang percussion during a local ceremony in North Sumatra
Batak-Karonese couple doing traditional dance called landek
Local craftswomen weaving Ulos in Huta Raja village, Ulos is Bataknese traditional Tenun which is popular exported as garment from North Sumatra
Bataknese cuisine such as Saksang , Babi panggang Karo and Sayur Daun ubi tumbuk
Lapo Tuak , Bataknese warung which served Tuak , an alcoholic palm wine
Birdview of Palm Oil Estate of Asahan Regency
Skyline of capital Medan city
Belawan Port, the largest port in Sumatra Island
Sipisopiso waterfall, Tongging
Surfing in Tello Island, Nias
Elephant conservation area at Tangkahan Ecotourism Area in Mount Leuser National Park , North Sumatra
Pariban Hotsprings in Lau Sidebuk-debuk village, Karo Highlands
Exterior of Kualanamu International Airport, Deli Serdang
Tanjung Morawa toll gate, in Deli Serdang , part of Belmera toll road