Unincorporated communities within the township include Oliver, Phillips, Lemont Furnace, Mount Braddock, Jumonville, East Uniontown, Coolspring, West Leisenring, Bethelboro, Youngstown, Percy, Mount Independence, Morgan, Evans Manor, and part of Hopwood.

[4] The Oak Hill Estate, Springer Farm, and Summit Hotel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

U.S. Route 119 crosses the northern part of the township, leading northeast to Connellsville and southwest to Morgantown, West Virginia.

U.S. Route 40, the National Road, forms the southwest border of the township, except where the highway passes through Uniontown; US 40 leads southeast to Cumberland, Maryland, and northwest to Washington.

The eastern half of Union Township occupies the hilltops and western slope of Chestnut Ridge, with the highest elevation of 2,670 feet (810 m) located near the southeast corner of the township, just north of the Summit Hotel.

Penn State Fayette, a small branch campus of the university system, is located in North Union Township.

George Washington and Virginia militiamen, fighting along with the Native chief Tanacharison and his friendly tribesmen, routed the French in the controversial Battle of Jumonville Glen, near the present village of Jumonville.