[2] In May 2012, Akhmed Zakayev, Prime Minister of the Ichkerian government-in-exile, attended the Oslo Freedom Forum, leading to formal complaints by Russia.

[9] In October 2022, the Norwegian Police Security Service arrested Mikhail Mikushin, a Russian national posing as a Brazilian with the name of José Assis Giammaria, and charged him with gathering intelligence on state secrets on behalf of Russia.

[16] In December 2017, Frode Berg, a Norwegian citizen, was arrested in Russia on allegations of having operated a spy ring in the country since 2015, and was detained at Lefortovo Prison.

[17] There has long been tension over the GLOBUS radar installation in Vardø, which Russian officials believe to be part of a United States missile defense system.

[18][19][20][21] The 2015 fictional political thriller TV series Occupied is based on a hypothetical strain in relations between the two countries after Norway ceases fossil fuel production in response to a climate crisis.

In response to the TV series, the Vyacheslav Pavlovsky, the Russian ambassador to Norway, told Russian News Agency TASS, It is certainly a shame that, in the year of the 70th anniversary of the victory in World War II, the authors have seemingly forgotten the Soviet Army's heroic contribution to the liberation of northern Norway from Nazi occupiers, decided, in the worst traditions of the Cold War, to scare Norwegian spectators with the nonexistent threat from the east.