Its main agriculture comes from the chestnut, cupuaçu, acerola, açaí, guava, mango and pineapple plants.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the town produced a large amount of gold, but the main mineral source now is water.

[3] There are three protected areas for indigenous groups in the municipality: Terras Indígenas Igarapé Ribeirão, Reserva dos Karipunas and Terras Indígenas Laje[4] Ninety-five percent of the area of Parque Estadual Guajará-Mirim ("Guajará-Mirim State Park") is located within Nova Mamoré; the remainder is in neighboring Guajará-Mirim.

[4] Nova Mamoré contains 27% of the 204,632 hectares (505,660 acres) Rio Ouro Preto Extractive Reserve, created in 1990.

[5] The municipality contains 13% of the 197,364 hectares (487,700 acres) Jaci Paraná Extractive Reserve, created in 1996.