Gangeśa's book Tattvacintāmaṇi ("Thought-Jewel of Reality") was written partly in response to Śrīharśa's Khandanakhandakhādya, a defence of Advaita Vedānta, which had offered a set of thorough criticisms of Nyāya theories of thought and language.
Tattvacintāmani dealt with all the important aspects of Indian philosophy, logic and especially epistemology, which Gangeśa examined rigorously, developing and improving the Nyāya scheme, and offering examples.
Navya-Nyāya developed a sophisticated language and conceptual scheme that allowed it to raise, analyze, and solve problems in logic and epistemology.
[2] It systematized all the Nyāya concepts into four main categories which are (sense-) perception (pratyakşa), inference (anumāna), comparison or similarity (upamāna), and testimony (sound or word; śabda).
Great stalwarts like Basudev Sarvabhauma,[3] Raghunath Shiromani,[4] Jagadish Tarkalankar,[5] Gadadhar Bhattacharya[6] and Mathuranatha Tarkavagisha have contributed further in the development of the subject.