Nylanderia pygmaea is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from fossils found in the Prussian Formation of the Baltic region.

[5] Rovno amber, recovered from deposits in the Rivne region of Ukraine, is slightly younger in age, being dated to the Bartonian to Priabonian of the Late Eocene.

Bitterfeld represents a section of the Eocene Paratethys Sea, and the amber that is recovered from the region is thought to be redeposited from older sediments.

[3] Fossil species belonging to the Prenolepis genus group were again examined and reviewed in 2010 by John LaPolla and Gennady Dlussky.

[1] N. pygmaea is known primarily by winged males and females, a situation also seen in several Ponerinae species in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Scandinavian ambers.

However, in all of the genera, the winged queens and males would climb plants and trees surrounding the nests during the nuptial flight increasing greatly the contact with fresh resin and entrapment.