Dollendorf ("Dullendorf") was first referred to in a 966 document by Emperor Otto I, and an 1144 deed first made the distinction between Oberdollendorf and Niederdollendorf.

In 1597 Oberdollendorf was part of the "Linz Concord" ("Linzer Eintracht"), a mutual defence treaty between cities along the Rhine.

From 1949 to 1955 the town formed part of the "Enklave Bonn", a special administrative area set up around the provisional seat of government of the Federal Republic of Germany under the command of the Allied High Commission.

[4] Population data (including its borough Römlinghoven) Until well into the 19th century the economic activity in Oberdollendorf was dominated by wine production.

The vineyards on the western slope of the "Dollendorfer Hardt" are classified as part of the Mittelrhein wine growing region, Siebengebirge wine district ("Bereich"), Petersberg site ("Großlage") and from north to south include the vineyards of Rosenhügel, Laurentiusberg and Sülzenberg.