Bordering communities include, in clockwise reference, Hallgarten, Niedermoschel, Sitters, Unkenbach, Lettweiler and Duchroth.

In the following order, these waterways flow from the left side into the Moschel River within Obermoschel: the Unkenbach, the Windbach, the Sauerborngraben and the Katzbach.

In the Middle Ages Obermoschel and the Landsberg Castle ("Landsburg") belonged to the Counts of Valdenz (see County of Veldenz), which were obtained as a fiefdom from the Bishopric of Worms.

In Obermoschel in June 1849, Victor Schily organized the first battalion of the Pfälzer Volkswehr ("the People's Defense Force of the Palatine").

In 1943 the silver-mercury ore moschellandsbergite (formerly hard silver), known from the Middle Ages, was named and recognized after its place of discovery, Moschellandsberg.

In 1984 an unknown mineral was found in the oven pits at the Moschellandsberg and in 1985 it was recognized by the International Mineralogical Association as a moschelite.

After the Second World War, Obermoschel became part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the French occupation zone in Germany.