The first evidence of human settlement is a stone arrowhead several thousand years old that was found in this century.

Oberweid was first mentioned in 795 in a deed of gift to the Fulda monastery.From 1500 to 1806, the village was part of the Franconian Imperial District.

When Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg converted to the Protestant-Lutheran confession in 1544, Oberweid became Protestant.

The village belonged to the Kaltennordheim office of the County of Henneberg, later to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Eisenach Oberland).

On the afternoon of 1 April 1945, Easter Sunday, US troops moved into Oberweid from Unterweid without a fight.