The central idea of the program was to develop a rifle that enabled the attacking of targets behind cover by using airburst munitions.
The idea was refined into a combination of a short assault rifle and semi-automatic, low-velocity cannon firing air-bursting munitions.
The OICW aimed to use advances in computer technology in a weapon that fired grenades automatically pre-set to explode above or beside targets hidden from view.
However, the weapon had serious problems: it did not meet weight or cost targets, and the 20 mm High Explosive Air Bursting (HEAB) did not seem to be lethal enough in testing.
As a result, the 5.56×45mm NATO barrel had a length of only 250 mm (9.8 inches), which is too short to generate enough muzzle velocity to be effective as a standard infantry rifle.