A local nobleman named Ulricus de Obernkeim was mentioned in 1352 in a decree from the council of the Imperial City of Speyer; he might have been from Obrigheim.

The Weißenburg Monastery, in what is now Wissembourg in nearby Alsace, France, enfeoffed Count Friedrich VII of Leiningen-Dagsburg with holdings in Obrigheim.

The Heidesheimer Schloss, a palatial castle belonging to the House of Leiningen-Heidesheim was burnt down in 1794 by French Revolutionary troops.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:[4] The German blazon reads: Von Blau und Gold geteilt, oben ein rotbewehrter silberner Adler, einen waagrecht gelegten goldenen Schlüssel in den Fängen haltend, unten eine widersehende, springende, am Hals von einem roten Pfeil durchbohrte rote Hirschkuh.

The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per fess azure an eagle displayed argent armed and langued gules holding in his talons fesswise a key Or, wards to base, and Or a doe salient reguardant pierced to the neck with an arrow bendwise sinister, all of the third.

The pairs of windows on its four floors grouped one over the other call to mind the ones at Speyer Cathedral, and the bell that rings here is probably the Palatinate’s oldest.

In the early 17th century, the House of Leiningen-Heidesheim had it converted to a palace church, whereby the comital family’s tomb came into being in the quire.

The Obrigheim church was originally run as a branch parish of Colgenstein and was called Saint Giles’s Chapel (Kapelle St. Ägidius).

The biggest employer in the municipality has been since 1873 the sugar factory in Neuoffstein, which today is a manufacturing location of Südzucker AG.

The Palatine Northern Railway between Monsheim and Grünstadt runs through the municipality's western outskirts along the edge of the outlying centre of Albsheim.