The census-designated place of Odessa is located in the south-central part of the township.

The township is in the Central Standard Time Zone.

The latitude of Odessa Township is 40.722° N; the longitude is 99.253° W. The population was 398 at the 2000 census.

A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 391.

This Buffalo County, Nebraska state location article is a stub.