Odontomachus paleomyagra is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Ponerinae known from a Miocene fossil found in Europe.

The mine exposes an approximately 150 m (490 ft) thick sequence of deposits recording the progression of a delta lake and bog ecosystem.

There are several different fish and at least one frog from the genus Rana also known from the Bílina mine area that may have fed on the ants that fell into the lake.

[5] The fossil was studied by a team of paleoentomologists led by Torsten Wappeler, with the group's 2014 type description of the new species being published in the journal Paläontologische Zeitschrift.

O. paleomyagra is distinct from haematodus group species in the less complex mandible dentition, and in the shape of the head.