Under first chairman, lawyer Leonard Olejnik, Odra organised first post-WWII sports competition in the city: street running (July 1945).

By 1950, Budowlani had several departments, including football, track and field, tennis, boxing, ice hockey and volleyball.

The team from Opole debuted in the Polish top league on March 15, 1953, losing at home 1–2 to Gwardia Warszawa (the lone goal for Budowlani was scored by Augustyn Poćwa).

In 1960 Odra, which at that time featured several players of the Poland national team was close to winning Polish championship.

Managed by Teodor Wieczorek, the team lost in the final round to Gwardia Warszawa, eventually finishing the competition in the fourth place.

In the early 1970s, Odra, managed by its former star Engelbert Jarek, had several top class players, including Josef Klose and Zbigniew Gut (11 caps for Poland).

Odra's Wojciech Tyc (1 cap for Poland) was in 1975/76 top scorer of the second division, together with Janusz Kupcewicz of Arka Gdynia.

Odra's last so far game in the top Polish class took place on 14 June 1981 vs Legia in Warsaw (1–1, goal by Wojciech Tyc).

As was later revealed, Odra's successes of autumn 2000 were based on corruption, as games were set up by Ryszard Forbrich, aka Fryzjer.

In October 2006, for the first time in club's history, a foreigner, Dutchman Guido Vreuls was named Odra's chairman.

Oderka plans to apply for acceptance into the Polish Fourth League to which Odra's reserves had won promotion.

In the 2021–22 season Odra qualified to promotion play-offs to the Ekstraklasa, but lost to the final winner Korona Kielce.