Federal judicial actions (formal lawsuits) are filed by the U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of EPA.

[2] The Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and Training (OCEFT) investigates alleged environmental crimes and provides a range of technical and forensic services for civil and criminal investigative support and counsel on legal and policy matters.

The Office of Federal Activities (OFA) coordinates EPA's review of all federal Environmental Impact Statements prepared by other agencies under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), as well as EPA's compliance with NEPA.

The Federal Facilities Enforcement Office (FFEO) is responsible for ensuring that federal facilities (e.g. military bases, national parks, government office buildings) take all necessary actions to prevent, control and abate environmental pollution.

FFEO facilitates compliance through inspections and enforcement under all environmental statutes and cleanup at federal facilities.