The Oyapock River Bridge, connecting the village with Saint-Georges in French Guiana, was completed in 2011 but not opened to pedestrian or vehicle traffic until 2017.

The name Oiapoque was officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and France was resolved through Swiss diplomatic arbitration.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Oiapoque hosted a political and criminal concentration camp called Clevelândia.

In 1922 an agricultural outpost called the Núcleo Colonial Cleveland was transformed into a camp during the presidency of Artur Bernardes (1922–1926).

On its eastern and southern sides it borders the municipalities of Calçoene, Serra do Navio, Pedra Branca do Amapari, and Laranjal do Jari.

[4] The municipality contains 24.15% of the 2,369,400 hectares (5,855,000 acres) Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006.